Persuasive Speech Outline free essay sample

It’s hard being an understudy and working simultaneously, and discover vitality for both. I will give you why beginning an activity program can help your vitality and your psychological well-being. Do you get yourself not having as much vitality during the week as you used to when you were in secondary school? Increase Attention) a. Do you find that you get fractious all the more regularly? II. I am a current wellbeing science understudy, and have taken a wholesome course that truly help my benefit some viewpoint about my own medical problems. Vitality, psychological wellness and physical wellbeing would all be able to be facilitated by work out. (See Main focuses) III. The vast majority of us in this room are understudies, and furthermore work. A few of us most likely even have families we deal with. (Make Topic Relevant to Audience) a. So it’s significant for us to remain sound with the goal that we can keep on doing these things. We will compose a custom article test on Enticing Speech Outline or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (Inspire) BODY I. Absence of activity is unfavorable to your wellbeing. At the point when my uncle died from cardiovascular malady, I was a wreck. I couldn’t accept that somebody who appeared to be so youthful, could be taken so right on time, after all he was just 49. (Sentiment) B. In a report put out by the CDC in January of 2012, cardiovascular malady is the main enemy of people in America. (Logos) Cardiovascular sickness is the point at which the conduits and veins become stopped up with plaque, this due to some extent by absence of activity. II Exercise can support your state of mind, and emotional wellness. A. After I was determined to have Clinical Depression and Anxiety, I began a thorough medicine plan. It’s elusive that ideal pill or mix of pills that fixes all the issues or their reactions. In the wake of taking my nourishment class I understood that I could utilize practice as a major aspect of my treatment plan. (Sentiment) B. Need a passionate lift? Or on the other hand need to let loose a little following a distressing day? As indicated by a 2006 exploration paper distributed by University of Texas at Austin, an exercise at the rec center or a lively 30-minute walk can help. (Logos) Physical movement animates different mind synthetic concoctions that may leave you feeling more joyful and progressively loose. You may likewise rest easy thinking about your appearance and yourself when you practice normally, which can help your certainty and improve your confidence. III. Exercise helps Energy A. Winded by shopping for food or family unit tasks? Normal physical action can improve your muscle quality and lift your perseverance. B. Exercise and physical action convey oxygen and supplements to your tissues and help your cardiovascular framework work all the more proficiently. a. What's more, when your heart and lungs work all the more effectively, you have more vitality to approach your day by day errands. We should all get more exercise (emphasize theme and reason) a. Exercise and physical movement are an incredible method to feel much improved, gain medical advantages and have more vitality (sum up central matters) b. As a general objective, focus on at any rate 30 minutes of physical action each day. III. So would you say you are prepared to start an activity progam? (challenge the crowd) IV. You can take up a move class with your life partner, or take your family climbing toward the end of the week, or attempt another game like Frisbee Golf. The fact is exercise can be a great method to completely change you, to why not start today? Enticing Speech Outline free exposition test The world has a colossal issue with neediness and yearning and this issue could be gigantically scaled back if everybody that has some additional cash supports a kid. Example of Organization: Problem-Solution Introduction I. (Enticement): what number of you consider neediness to be hunger as an issue in our reality? What number of you imagine that you can't attainably help take care of this issue? II. Uncover Topic): A great deal of youngsters around the globe are denied of at least one of the basics to endurance and improvement. III. (Identify with Audience): I am certain practically we all in here will have children later on sooner or later. Envision not having the option to give your kid food to eat every day. Envision making your kid walk six miles every day to recover water that isn't even clean. These are some frightening contemplations, however such a significant number of youngsters are living in these conditions at this very moment. We will compose a custom exposition test on Powerful Speech Outline or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page You may imagine that you can't take care of this yet I am here today to reveal to you that you can. You can spare a child’s life and assist them with escaping these conditions by supporting a youngster through a kid sponsorship association. IV. (Validity): Along with the all-encompassing examination that I have finished with this point, I am at present supporting two youngsters through World Vision, only one of the numerous projects that offer kid sponsorships. V. (See): Today, I will impart to you probably the most serious issue on the planet today which is neediness, particularly with youngsters, and afterward I will share one answer for help lessening this issue. Connective (Internal Preview): I will begin by demonstrating how huge of difficult neediness truly is and what number of other world issues, for example, craving, infections, and even demise bring forth from destitution. I. The world’s populace as of late contacted 7 billion individuals and out of these, around 2. 2 billion are kids. As indicated by United Nations Children’s Fund, most normally as known as UNICEF, 1 billion of those 2. 2 billion youngsters are living in destitution. A. Destitution differently affects kids than it does grown-ups. As indicated by Hans Olsen, essayist of the article Breaking the Vicious Cycle of Child Poverty which was distributed in the New Straits Times in Malaysia on October 16, 2011, kids that live in destitution have a need physical assets as well as need profound and passionate assets that are expected to endure, develop, and prosper. 2. Youngster destitution brings forth a pattern of neediness that is difficult to break. It is hard for kids that are conceived in destitution to change that circumstance and along these lines the cycle rehashes. B. Neediness has produced other colossal issues on the planet. Appetite and undernourishment is one side-effect of destitution. a. With no cash to purchase food and no administration programs actualized to assist support with peopling that can't accepting food, normally these families will go hungry. b. The nature of food that they can bear the cost of doesn't bolster good dieting propensities and hence the greater part of them are undernourished which can prompt numerous medical issues, frail invulnerable frameworks, and hindered development to a name a couple. 2. An absence of social insurance is another issue made from neediness. This additionally ties in intimately with being undernourished.

Project report on construction

Venture report on development Section ONE Presentation 1.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION The exhibition of the development business impacts the monetary, foundation, agrarian and mechanical improvement of a nation (R. Chudley, 1995). Development is progressively getting profoundly specialized and refined with elevated expectation of value and particular. These combined with customers interest for esteem for-cash requires the proficient work of hardware which can to a great extent improve profitability in the development business. The general point of each development is to deliver a structure that can give the necessary capacities at the most sensible expense, inside a given time allotment and at the necessary degree of value. Automation is one of the ways by which these could be accomplished. The quick creating development industry currently vigorously relies upon hardware to accomplish the levels of popularity of value venture conveyance. Hardware infers the apparatus, instruments (other than craftsmens individual devices) utilized in the temporary workers yard, workshop or site. For the most part, gear are acquainted with agreements to expand the pace of yield, decrease in general structure cost, accomplish high yield norms regularly required by present day plans and details, dispose of overwhelming manual work consequently diminishing weariness and do exercises which is impossible physically or do them all the more monetarily ( R. Chudley, 1995). The acquaintance of gear with an agreement doesn't anyway essentially bring about monetary reserve funds except if the provisional labor is composed to such an extent that machines are completely used or work for nonstop periods at full limit that is about 85% of its on location time, their utilization won't be efficient. To be monetary, gear must be completely used and not left standing inactive since hardware, regardless of whether employed or possessed, should be paid for regardless of whether it is non-profitable (R. Chudley, 1995). Substantial gear will be required for unearthing, haulage, lifting and transportation of materials and individuals during the development of an undertaking so as to meet all the customers determinations. Temporary workers remain to pick up from the utilization of hardware as expanded yield per representative, expanded efficiency from gear prompting in general benefits. Lamentably, execution of development firms in the business has been influenced by a few limitations with absence of access to fund seemingly the most disparaging of these imperatives. At any rate, it keeps temporary workers from obtaining every fundamental asset for their development works including hardware (Eyiah An and Cook P, 2003). It is against this foundation that this examination has been led to discover the hardware securing techniques being utilized by Ghanaian contractual workers just as the issues the temporary workers experience when getting gear for their development. 1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The exceptionally specialized and normalized nature of current development structures and levels of popularity as far as quality combined with frequently short agreement spans evidently requests the utilization of hardware. They assume an inexorably significant job in working just as structural building activities and both time and a ton of cash can be spared by getting and utilizing them. Substantial gear are required for uncovering, haulage, lifting and transportation of materials and individuals during the development of a task accordingly playing out an activity quicker, more monetarily, securely and with a superior quality and finish. Despite such incredible reachable advantages, it requires generous cash-flow to obtain gear, set up plant the board offices and even utilize the hardware. It frequently requires extremely huge bank ensures, securities, high financing costs on bank advances, now and then awkward bureaucratic methods to procure assets to buy plant or hardware. This is presumably why most Ghanaian temporary workers despite everything rely vigorously upon physical work to execute their activities. On huge and complex ventures of long lengths, it might be handy to buy plant or gear for a particular activity and exchange toward the finish of the agreement. The issue here is that changes in costs on our present market may make it hard to conjecture costs with sureness. Gear holding firms frequently don't offer good and alluring conditions for the securing of hardware to urge contractual workers to utilize gear on the undertakings. Not many of the contractual workers can meet the necessary conditions before acquiring most required gear. Once more, gear holding firms are typically found in the urban zones of our nation which are quite often far away from the majority of the building destinations justifying high haulage costs from the plant stop. Buying a plant or hardware could likewise tell incredibly on the accounts of the firm as an exceptionally enormous total of cash might be secured up buying the plant which at that point must be worked at a decent use level to recover ventures made into it. At long last, buying gear is sound speculation if there is sufficient work ahead to keep it completely utilized. A few appraisals recommend the hardware must be working routinely for three to five years to recuperate the capital cost. Anyway the circumstance in Ghana is that of numerous temporary workers going after not many undertakings. Development firms can't be guaranteed of standard undertakings to completely use their interest in hardware thusly they rather don't put resources into everything or when they do, it is extremely insignificant. All the previously mentioned issues on the whole add to the motivation behind why the vast majority of the temporary workers can't procure the fundamental hardware for development works and subsequently leaving development in Ghana still extremely work serious. 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The primary point of this examination is to explore the current gear procurement strategies being used in the Ghanaian development industry just as the issues that the temporary workers experience when obtaining hardware with the view to suggesting better and progressively compelling practices in the development business. Explicit targets of the examination are to: * Find out existing hardware securing alternatives utilized by the Ghanaian contractual worker. * Identify issues looked by the Ghanaian temporary worker in securing gear for development works. * Examine existing game plans (assuming any) made between hardware recruit and assembling organizations and the development organizations. * Recommending better securing choices just as answers for a portion of the serious issues the temporary workers face when they attempt to get hardware. 1.3 SCOPE OF WORK Various firms inside the D1 and D2 of temporary workers by the Ministry of Water, Works and Housing and the Ministry of Roads and Transport in the Kumasi Metropolis will be recognized, chosen and contemplated. The hardware things that will be secured under the investigation will incorporate general types of gear, earth moving, lifting, moving and uncovering types of gear. Part TWO Writing REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION: CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT Hardware assumes an inexorably significant job in working just as structural designing tasks, and both time and cash can be spared by the proficient utilization of mechanical guides. Gear infers the apparatus, devices (other than craftsmens individual devices) and other hardware utilized in the contractual workers yard, workshop or site. These may extend from little hand held force devices to bigger and increasingly costly gear, for example, mechanical excavators and cranes. The point of any development action or venture is to deliver a structure of the correct quality and standard at an ideal expense inside an adequate time period. The utilization of gear for development becomes vital where utilizing physical work won't help accomplish the ventures targets. For the most part, gear are acquainted with contracts for one of the accompanying reasons: * Increased creation. * Reduction in general development costs. * Carry out exercises which can't be completed by the conventional manual strategies with regards to financial aspects. * Eliminate overwhelming manual work accordingly diminishing weakness and as an outcome expanding efficiency. * Replacing work where there is a deficiency of staff with the essential aptitudes. * Maintain the exclusive expectations required especially with regards to basic building works (R. Chudley, 1997). 2.1.2 SOME COMMON CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT USED DURING CONSTRUCTION. Introduced here is a short portrayal of a portion of the significant development hardware that might be utilized during the development of a structure venture. 2.1.2.1 EARTH MOVING MACHINES The hardware portrayed here incorporate the pieces of machinery, graders, scrappers and so on that are utilized to move gigantic volumes of exhumed materials during development. Piece of machinery The essential earth-moving machine is the rock solid tractor, which when fitted with tracks to grasp the ground and with a huge mobile cutting edge joined in front, is known as a piece of machinery. The piece of machinery as appeared in fig 2.1 beneath might be utilized to clear brush, little trees, trash, expel stones, and level ground. They may even be utilized as towing tractor or a pusher to a scrapper. They comprise basically of a track or wheel mounted force unit with a shape cutting edge at the front. Numerous pieces of machinery have the ability to change the shape cutting edge to frame an angledozer which can tilt the form sharp edge about a focal turn point. They become even exceptionally valuable particularly in structural building ventures, which regularly require the moving of a huge number of cubic meters of earth. These pieces of machinery are anyway not suitable for conclusive leveling and can't be utilized for stacking therefore requiring other hardware to stack. TRACTOR SHOVEL These are now and then called loaders or loader scoops and essential capacity is to gather up free materials in the front mounted pail, hoist the can and store the material into a specialist transport vehicle. Tractor scoops are driven towards the heap of free material with the brought down can. The speed and the po

Determining the Accounting for Receivables from Officers and Directors Essay

Philadelphia Communications Inc. (â€Å"Philly†) is an open organization that finished a first sale of stock (IPO) a couple of months back. John Sigar is the present CEO and individual from the top managerial staff. He is the main relative associated with the business and possesses critical measure of the company’s stock. While, we were doing review testing for money due we went over number of Notes Receivable from a few Mr Sigar’s cousins. They have taken advances much of the time yet never neglected to pay when they came due. The notes are made sure about by portions of Philly’s convertible favored stock, which were bought by the relatives following IPO. The receivable help gave by the customer doesn’t determine intrigue installment terms for these notes. During our arrangement to test money due we checked on the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Codifications (ASC) and distinguished uncommon introduction and exposure prerequisites for these sorts of receivables. We likewise inspected above depicted circumstance from International Financial Reporting Standards’ (IFRS) angle. While deciding the representing receivables from officials and executives, exceptional treatment of these cases must be concurred. The case for Philly alludes to related gatherings exchanges, which would require uncommon divulgence in the monetary reports. The receivables that is given by Philadelphia Communications Inc. doesn't give determination concerning both the terms of installment and the intrigue payable on these notes. Testing for Accounts Receivable in Philly Case. As indicated by Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) codifications, there are various codification references that are appropriate to the Philly case. One relevant reference is FASB ASC 850-10-50-1 on related gathering exchanges. The FASB code 850 talks about the exposures that are required to be made concerning related gatherings. This reference gives the legitimate and material meaning of what related gathering exchange involves. This reference additionally plots the revelation that is required to be made. One of the exposures is the idea of the included relationship. The portrayal of the exchange including the dollar sums, time of exchange, sums due, and the due date must be uncovered. Unveiling exchanges in budget reports that were dispensed with while planning solidified fiscal summaries isn't obligatory. FASB ASC 850-10-50-2 is another codification reference that is material to this case. This reference examines the notes and records receivables. This is the head and direct reference that identifies with the Philly case being referred to. The notes and records receivable referenced under this codification reference are specific to the representatives, officials or different elements that are partnered to the organization. For the instance of Philly, notes are executed between Philadelphia Communications Inc. Chief and the cousins. FASB ASC 850-10-50-2 requires notes or records receivable from related gatherings to be independently appeared. Any impacts that emerge from an adjustment in technique for deciding the terms of exchange from the past period must be uncovered. It expresses that this exchange ought not be incorporated under notes and records receivable general heading. Philadelphia Communications Inc. October 19, 2013 Page 2 Another appropriate reference is FASB ASC 850-10-15-2. This codification reference weights on the necessity that the rules on revelation for related gatherings is material to all substances. It doesn't make a difference in the event that it is a private element or open organization like for this situation. The monetary reports must give revelation to the exchanges. FASB ASC 850-10-50-5 talks about issue concerning exposure of exchanges that happen at an arm’s length base. This reference expresses that it can't be assumed that related parties’ exchange are embraced on an arm’s length premise. This is on the grounds that the economic situations that serious and free probably won't exist. This portrays the relationship apparent on account of Philly’s exchange with the CEO’s cousins. Any type of portrayals concerning CEO’s cousins and Philadelphia Communications Inc. doesn't imply that, the exchanges were executed on terms relevant at arm’s length. It must be assumed so if and just if the portrayals of the exchanges can be validated. The organization the executives should flexibly progressively extra data concerning the notes and receivable concerning related gatherings for additional explanations. The administration ought to give the names of the gatherings gave with the notes that are made sure about by convertible favored stock bought by relatives. This is per the necessity of FASB ASC 850-10-50-4. The administration ought to likewise give data concerning related gatherings exchanges to help in examination of budgetary outcomes with the past. The installments terms and the enthusiasm accumulating to such notes and receivables ought to be indicated and given by Philly. IFRSs Standpoint. The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) additionally perceives related gathering exchanges. This is given according to the clarification under IFRS International Accounting Standards (IAS) 24. It portrays a related gathering as including a substance that is vigorously affected by an individual executing with a nearby relative. The Member of the family executing with the substance must have critical effect on the individual by the one having proprietorship in the organization. For this case, the cousins have huge impact on the CEO of the organization along these lines building up a related gathering relationship. IFRS IAS 24 requires the firm to make certain revelations. It necessitates that the aggregate sum included, and the idea of the exchange be unveiled in the budget summaries. The remarkable sums ought to likewise be uncovered expressing the terms and all conditions relating making sure about and settling of the notes and receivables. The divulgences ought to likewise incorporate data with respect to the ensures made. The IFRS likewise requests that any arrangement made for far fetched obligations emerging from this exchange ought to be revealed. End The Philadelphia Communications Inc. in its activity, host related gathering exchanges. These exchanges include the issuance of notes to close family members of the CEO of the organization. The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) necessitates that exercises must be unveiled. The Philadelphia Communications Inc. October 19, 2013 Page 3 FASB has very much clarified the data that the administration ought to consider while introducing their budget summaries. The administration ought to likewise improve its activities and give further information concerning the gatherings they are consistently exchanging. Selection of the FASB and IFRSs will guarantee that every single budget report are genuinely and reasonably introduced. References FASB. Related Party Disclosures. Recovered from Accounting Standards Codification: https://asc. fasb. organization IASB. Related gathering revelations. Recovered from IFRS: http://www. ifrs. organization

Sherwood Andersons Critique of Modernity in Winesburg, Ohio - Literature Essay Samples

In his collection of short stories about a simple American country town, Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson offers a critique of the emerging modern society of the early 20th century. Anderson establishes his disillusionment toward modernity by presenting the contemporary times in a materialistic and somewhat mournful fashion. He uses literary devices, specific characters, and plot lines to showcase a small town that is on the verge of transitioning into a modern society, rebelling against traditional values to create a sense of isolation and degeneration. Throughout the novel, Anderson uses a plain and unobtrusive voice in an effort to portray the simplicity of those whose lives he reports on. Anderson uses one primary device to showcase how truly isolated the individuals in the town are: George Willard, the reporter for the local newspaper, The Winesburg Eagle. George serves as the middleman for the entire town. The residents of Winesburg feel so isolated and alone that they can only confide in a person who seems to be removed from the issues in the small town. Thus, the residents of Winesburg see George as a symbolic sanctuary in which to share their life stories, secrets, and private concerns. Doctor Parcival is one of the first characters to openly confide in George Willard. Parcival himself does not understand why he is drawn to George, saying, Why I want to talk to you of the matter I dont know. I might keep still and get more credit in your eyes. I have a desire to make you admire me, that a fact. I dont know why. Doctor Parcivals words communicate a basic human longing the wish to belong a theme present throughout the book. Parcival feels that he has no one to share his life with in the new town of Winesburg. To Anderson, Parcival represents the typical turn-of-the-century man, struggling to accept modernity. He is not able to simply communicate his personal emotions. Instead, he singles out George as someone who may appreciate what he has to say. Anderson even addresses the degeneration of religion in America. The fact that Doctor Parcival wishes to write a novel where he theorizes that everyone in the world is Christ and they are all crucified represents Parcivals distorted view of religion. When Parcival refuses to help the young girl who is thrown from the horse-drawn buggy, he demonstrates his unwillingness to help the same men who refuse his theories and concerns. Even further, Parcivals fear that the men will come again bearing a rope in their hands is symbolic of the divide between modern man and his peers. Godliness is the word that is melancholically used to describe Jesse Bentley, the estranged town elder who borders on being labeled a Christian extremist. At the beginning of the chapter, there is a obvious contrast between Jesse and his descendants. Anderson provides a strong visual element in his writing: By the standards of his day Jesse did not look like a man at all. He was small and very slender and womanis h of body. It is also relevant to the theme of religious degeneration to note that Jesse attempts and later fails at becoming a Presbyterian minister. Only then does he return to manage the family farm. Jesse proves to be the character most centered on power and capital. He is a metaphor for the commonality of the disillusioned modern man, who attempts to achieve happiness through capital gain and superiority. Jesses modern tendencies are evident in his ignorance of the sensitivity of those around him, and his goals of achieving money and power. Jesse is the only brother who left the farm to live in the city another obvious symbol of the modern movement toward industrialism and away from small, country towns. When Jesse returns to Winesburg he is overcome by a need for power and a desire to reach out for God. He ignores everyone else, including his wife, and later even drives his own grandson away from him. In the end, his religious brutality and greed push all of his loved ones away, and Jesse is left as isolated as he always perceived himself to be. Finally, the story of Alice Hindman, in Adventure, is one of absolute tradition, showcasing Andersons negativity and avoidance of modernity. Alice and her suitor, Ned Currie, court traditionally, with long, moonlit walks down Main Street, until Ned decides to move to Cleveland to make money for their future. This is Andersons first indication of his distrust and dislike of cities and modern times. Ned cannot make enough money or be satisfied solely living and working in Winesburg; he must leave the small town to be successful. During their passionate last night together, Alice and Ned, [become]lovers, and make a vow to stick to each other. For a while, Ned and Alice write every day while he is away in Cleveland. However, as time progresses, Ned moves to Chicago and finds himself in the company of many other young people, including a woman who attracted his attention and he forgot about Alice. However, back in Winesburg, Alice, after what happened in the moonlight in the field, felt that she could never marry another man. Alices unwillingness to move on after giving her body to her lover symbolizes her belief in love and tradition. Even if she must live her life alone, Alice could not have understood the growing modern idea of a womans owning herself and giving and taking for her own ends in life. In the story of Alice can be found Andersons two-fold attack on modernity. First of all, Anderson sees Neds wish to leave Winesburg as the catalyst that begins destroying their relationship and future together. Ned feels he must leave the small town in order to make money and be successful one of modern mans most profound illusions. Secondly, Anderson sees the fact that Alice and Ned become lovers as a failure to demonstrate traditional values, which ultimately tears them apart. Perhaps if they had not made love in the moonlight, Ned would have had a stronger desire to return for Alice. However , despite Andersons strong feelings against modern society, in Adventure Anderson portrays Alice as helpless and unwilling to take charge of her own life. This is a stark contrast to Andersons previous sentiment with regards to modernity. Throughout the novel, Anderson outlines our understanding of the people of Winesburg, Ohio, by referencing his growing sentiment against the modernity of the times. By using literary devices, character development and plotlines, Anderson reveals his belief that post-turn-of-the-century America was sadly oriented around money and power. Ultimately, the individuals in Winesburg are symbols of of small-town citizens across the United States. They feel disillusioned and isolated from their relationships, families, and even from themselves; this, in turn, push themselves further toward isolation and the degeneration of the constantly-advancing society.

Ladies and gentlemen, today is my honor to present you a...

Ladies and gentlemen, today is my honor to present you a man, who contributed to the shape of our nation. A man who had a rough infancy, through struggle, fought for the civil rights at the time of oppression cause by the segregation, inequalities and injustice, a man who never gave up for freedom. A man through his dedication, perseverance was able to make a difference in the African American community. Today he is recognized worldwide, and celebrated in the black history month. This man is Malcolm X. Malcolm X was a visionary who had the courage to step up and motivate the African Americans to fight for their freedom, through his speeches he enable African American to act to have the equalities and justice for all. Today, his acts†¦show more content†¦One of his changes was due to the influence of John Elton Bembry a self-educated himself. One day Bembry told Malcolm X that he â€Å"had some brains†, and consequently he begin to self educate himself (1). By using the prison library and the study of the dictionary he began his self-education program. The second phase of his prison time â€Å"homemade education† was debating other prisoners and clergy on the topic of history, politics and philosophy by his extensive reading. He continued to hone his oratorical skill which later in life would benefit him the most. In addition, he improved his writing skill by corresponding with his sister Hilda and later on with the nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammed (2). After transfer to Norfolk prison in Massachusetts in 1947, Malcolm converted to the religion of Islam. He stopped drinking and smoking, and he preached the teaching of Elijah muhamed to other prisoners. After the release from prison in 1952, he began preaching the NOI message on the street corner. Malcolm was assigned minister in the NOI by Elijah Muhammad and assigned his own mosque in Detroit, which he built into the largest in the nation. 3 His effectiveness as a preacher made him the spokesperson for NOI which membership in the organization grew from 400 to 10,000 people. With his education, he could demonstrate to the African American that everything is possible. Achievements Who would think that Malcolm X a petty criminal would become one of the greatestShow MoreRelatedA Streetcar Named Desire: the Importance of Being Earnest9437 Words   |  38 Pagesfor very long. Algernon and Jack discuss the nature of marriage when they dispute briefly about whether a marriage proposal is a matter of â€Å"business† or â€Å"pleasure,† and Lady Bracknell touches on the issue when she states, â€Å"An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be.† Even Lady Bracknell’s list of bachelors and the prepared interview to which she subjects Jack are based on a set of assumptions about the nature and purpose of marriage. In generalRead MoreTrouble in Paradise with Comments6022 Words   |  25 Pagesabout pulling the plug on it? ROM Mike Gravess tall windows, which were draped in red veivet, the view of Shanghai was spectacular: the stately old Western-style buildings, the riot of modem skyscrapers, the familiar needle of the TV tower. But today Mike barely noticed it. Clenching a copy of his Chinese partners proposal for another acquisition - it would be the companys fourth - he paced the floor and replayed in his mind that mornings unsettling phone call. He had called his boss. BillRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesmechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the

Hermann Mesmer An Astounding Development For Mental Health

Although Franz Mesmer was labeled as a fraud, he provided a basis for later psychoanalytic techniques such as hypnotism. As research of mental illness developed, mental disorders were classified as psychological illnesses instead of physiological illnesses. In light of this, physicians created ways to test the brain for mental illness: cranial capacity research and phrenology. Figure 1. Cranial capacity research - credit: Dr. Stanley B. Burns Figure 1. shows Dr. John Shaw Billings photographing a skull that is plunged under a tank of water to gauge its cranial capacity, which was thought to detect mental illness. Billings and his apprentice had to perform the procedure quickly because the skull would absorbed too much water if it was†¦show more content†¦The abundance of scientific accomplishments in Great Britain catalyzed a movement of treatment and asylum reform. In the nineteenth century Great Britain, numerous social acts were performed with the intention of reforming asylum and medical treatment standards. Before asylums existed, lunatics either roamed the streets for shelter or were confined to the basements and cellars of their shamed family. This was before there was any form of social order. In 1247, St. Mary of Bethlehem Hospital opened just outside of London, which was devoted to treating sickly paupers. In 1547, Henry VIII founded Bethlehem hospital was to be transformed into the first specialized m ental health hospital. The institution received the label â€Å"Bedlam† because of their horrible reputation of drastic living conditions and inhumane treatment to their patients, such as putting their violent patients up for display and throwing their gentler patients on the street to become beggars. Up until the eighteenth century, the primary use of asylums were to lock away the mentally ill dispose of society’s nuisances. Even though it was royally declared a mental institution in 1547, it was not until the eighteenth century that hospital services for the insane began to be seriously provided and even then, the quality of care was

Annotated Bibliography Privacy In Cloud Computing

Question: Discuss about theAnnotated Bibliographyfor Privacy in Cloud Computing. Answer: Introduction Cloud computing is a practice that involves the use of services and applications that are hosted over the network which is usually the Internet. Almost all of the applications along with the data management are done on cloud in the present scenario. There are a number of specific properties that are associated with every cloud service such as sharing of resources, scalability, non-stop availability, easy accessibility and many others. Due to the involvement of a number of components and the presence of such huge number services, there are many issues that are seen in regards with the cloud computing. Security and privacy issues are one of the prime concerns that are seen in association with cloud computing. These issues primarily affect the data and the information that is present in the cloud environment and adversely impacts the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the same. Detailed Analysis of Related Work Hashizume, K., Rosado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. J Internet Serv Appl, 4(1), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-5 The resource is a journal that explains the concept and various issues that are associated with the same in terms of security and privacy. The author has made use of the three delivery models as Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS) and Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) to explain the security and privacy issues. The security issues that are present under SaaS include application security, issues due to the multi-tenancy architecture followed in cloud computing, data security issues and accessibility issues resulting in compromise of the privacy of the data. There are also a number of issues associated with PaaS sue to the presence of a number of third party relationships and developmental life cycle along with infrastructural security. IaaS has security and privacy issues due to shared resources, virtual machine monitor and virtual networks. Jansen, W. (2016). Cloud Hooks: Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2011/4282/00/10-03-01.pdf The resource is a white paper and the author has focused upon a number of security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The issues that have been listed in the paper have been categorized and explained on the basis of various categories such as identity management, data protection, isolation and availability. There are also a number of insider threats that are seen due to easier access provided to the insiders and the malicious intents as well which result in the violation of the security and privacy. There are also a number of issues that arise due to architecture that is followed such as attack on the surface, virtual networks and client side protection. Kshetri, N. (2016). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596112000717 The resource is a journal and the topic of the same revolves around the privacy and security issues that are associated with the cloud computing that have been covered by the author in an elaborated manner. The author has described the nature, origin and the implications that are associated with each of the security and privacy issue that is involved with cloud computing. The changes that are necessary to be implemented have also been covered by the author. Pearson, S. Benameur, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://barbie.uta.edu/~hdfeng/CloudComputing/cc/cc05.pdf The resource is a white paper that covers the trust, security and privacy issues that are covered by the author in association with cloud computing. Privacy issues that are associated with the cloud computing include due to a number of reasons and components such as the lack of user control, unauthorized secondary storage, data proliferation and dynamic provisioning. There are also security issues that are present in terms of the access issues, availability and backup, control over data lifecycle and lack of standardization along with the audit issues. There are also a number of trust issues that are seen which also cause violation of security and privacy that is associated with the data and information present with the cloud. Ryan, M. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/1/103200-cloud-computing-privacy-concerns-on-our-doorstep/fulltext The resource is an article in which the author has covered the various privacy concerns that exist in association with the cloud computing. The author has explained deliberate as well as the accidental threats that are present which result in the violation of the security. Deliberate threats are the ones that have the presence of malicious intent and are purposely executed to cause the damage. There are also accidental threats that are present which occur by a human or machine error or due to inadequate knowledge. These concerns along with the countermeasures are covered by the author in the article. Sen, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf The resource is a white paper that covers the concepts that are associated with cloud computing in terms of security and privacy. The author has explained the various components that are present in cloud computing and the issues that emerge due to the involvement of each. The author has covered the six broad areas that impact security and privacy as security of the data that is at rest, security of the data that is in transit or is moving, issues due to authentication, robust separation, legal issues and incident response. Confidentiality, availability and integrity threats are listed as well. Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Zhu, G. (2014). Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190903 There are three important properties of data and information as confidentiality, integrity and availability that are utilized in the journal by the author to explain the security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The attacks that are launched by the attackers with every specific area along with the countermeasures that can be adopted have been explained by the author. Takabi, H. (2016). Security and Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://csis.pace.edu/~marchese/SE765/Paper/security2.pdf There are three imperative properties of information and data as classification, trustworthiness and accessibility that are used in the diary by the creator to clarify the security and protection issues that are connected with distributed computing. The assaults that are dispatched by the assailants with each particular range alongside the countermeasures that can be received have been clarified by the creator. Research Issues There are a number of security and privacy issues that are seen in the world of cloud computing. The research covers these issues in detail along with the references that have been utilized to assess and analyze the same. Due to the involvement of a number of resources and components, the likelihood of these challenges has increased over the past few years. Also, the attackers have developed a number of newer forms of attacks which do not have a strong countermeasure to deal with the impact that may be caused. These issues that are associated with cloud computing in terms of security and privacy can have low to extremely severe impact and may also result in legal penalties and punishments. The research covers all of these issues and their impacts. Proposed Solutions There are a number of countermeasures and technological advancements that can be adopted in order to put a check on the security and privacy issues that are associated with cloud computing. The basic security measures and mechanisms that must be adopted well so that there are no easy access points to the attackers at the first step of security. These measures include use of anti-virus and other anti-malware software along with the installation of firewall at every network exit and entry point. Advanced security mechanisms in terms of identity and access management must also be ensured such as intrusion detection, intrusion prevention, multi layer authentication and many others. Networking monitoring and network scans must also be used to prevent any of the networking attacks and threats. Cryptography and encryption are the measures that must be used to keep up the security of the data and information even if the attacker succeeds in acquiring the information and data. Physical security is one of the measures that are often overlooked by the organizations and firms that must never be ignored to protect the servers and physical access points. There must also be continual audit and activity logs that must be maintained to detect the activities of the resources and employees that are associated with the organization to put a check on the insider threats that are quite common in the present scenario. Experimental Analysis Related to Improve the Solutions The solutions that have been proposed can be implemented by providing training and conducting sessions for the security team that is involved with the application and the system. There shall be a corrective and preventive solution implemented to the part of the system to test the effectiveness of the same and shall then be expanded to the system as a whole in case of success. Crowdsource testing along with the series of verifications and validations can also be utilized to verify and validate the steps that are implemented in a particular solution. Conclusion and Recommendations Privacy is one of the most important concerns that is seen in the field of cloud computing. There are a number of risks that are seen in the cloud services and applications with respect to the cloud computing. These risks can be executed through a number of threat agents and it is necessary to put a check on these threat agents. The threat agents associated with cloud computing and security and privacy infrastructure present with the same can be prevented by applying a number of physical, administrative and technical controls. Audit logs and scans shall also be done to make sure that the threats are prevented. References Hashizume, K., Rosado, D., Fernndez-Medina, E., Fernandez, E. (2013). An analysis of security issues for cloud computing. J Internet Serv Appl, 4(1), 5. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1869-0238-4-5 Jansen, W. (2016). Cloud Hooks: Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.computer.org/csdl/proceedings/hicss/2011/4282/00/10-03-01.pdf Kshetri, N. (2016). Privacy and security issues in cloud computing: The role of institutions and institutional evolution. Sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308596112000717 Pearson, S. Benameur, A. (2016). Privacy, Security and Trust Issues Arising from Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://barbie.uta.edu/~hdfeng/CloudComputing/cc/cc05.pdf Ryan, M. (2016). Cloud Computing Privacy Concerns on Our Doorstep. Cacm.acm.org. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://cacm.acm.org/magazines/2011/1/103200-cloud-computing-privacy-concerns-on-our-doorstep/fulltext Sen, J. (2016). Security and Privacy Issues in Cloud Computing. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1303/1303.4814.pdf Sun, Y., Zhang, J., Xiong, Y., Zhu, G. (2014). Data Security and Privacy in Cloud Computing. International Journal Of Distributed Sensor Networks, 2014, 1-9. https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/190903 Takabi, H. (2016). Security and Privacy Challenges in Cloud Computing Environments. Retrieved 30 September 2016, from https://csis.pace.edu/~marchese/SE765/Paper/security2.pdf

Prp Theories free essay sample

HUMAN RESOUCE MANAGEMENT CONTENTS 1. Introduction1 2. Literature review2 2. 1Emergence of PRP2 2. 2Concept of PRP3 2. 3Relevant theories of PRP4 2. 3. 1Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Herzberg’s motivational theory4 2. 3. 2Equity theory in PRP5 3. Case study6 3. 1Case one: â€Å"Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? † (Bender, 2004)6 3. 2Case two: â€Å"Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service† (Dowling Richardson, 1997)9 4. Analysis and Evaluation of PRP Theory in Business Organisations11 4. 1Comparison11 4. Contrast12 4. 3Performance related pay theory in business organizations13 4. 3. 1Motivates employees and improve their performance14 4. 3. 2Facilitates change to organizational cultural14 4. 3. 3Encourages the internalization of performance norms15 4. 4Problems of PRP in practice15 4. 4. 1Setting performance objectives16 4. 4. 2Assessment and ratings17 4. 4. 3Reward17 5. Conclus ion18 Reference19 Appendices21 1. Introduction Nowadays, Human Resource Management has become a strategic and coherent approach more than just managing the competencies and skills of employees in an organization. Armstrong (2002) noticed that HRM is much more focus on people not jobs, and so does business organization (Lewis, 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Prp Theories or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Yet, people have been placed as an important role of business. To this extent, this essay will take a critical look at PRP which is based on people, and also considered as an essential and sensitive part of the HRM in organizations today. The paper starts with a brief review of recent literature which reports studies of PRP systems. It continues with describing two case studies related to the practical discrepancy to PRP theories. It goes on to our own independent critical analysis by comparing the PRP theories and practice in real world. Finally, there are conclusions being drawn about the appropriateness of PRP in a research environment. 2. Literature review 2. 1 Emergence of PRP Performance-related pay (PRP) emerged in the early 1980’s which attempts to relate individual performance at work to reward, aiming to motivate people ad develop performance-oriented cultures. Besides business organisations, some public institutions such as governments and universities also adopt PRP as an essential level for championing values. By comparing with other payment schemes, the PRP idea was whole-heartedly accepted by employers and played a much more positive effect on improving employees’ behaviour and organisations’ culture. According to the IPD research into performance management practices in 1997, 43 per cent of respondents had PRP; additionally, IBS research in 1998 showed that 61 per cent of answers satisfied their merit pay. These figures make it easy to see that PRP have been widely applied among organizations whatever businesslike or public facility (Armstrong, 2002). There are a variety of reasons why organization may applied PRP. Armstrong and Murlis (1994) stated that ‘it is right and proper for people to be rewarded in accordance with their contribution’. According to Pilbeam Colbridge (2002), there are a number of factors contributing to the emergence of PRP, which is identified in Figure 1. The Thatcher legacy and ‘enterprise’ values in the public sector Increasingly competitive environment and concern with employee performance Unitary and neo-unitary employment relations perspectives Reassertion of the ‘right to manage’ and increasing managerial control Influence of HRM demagogy Strategic integration of reward Trends towards individualism and the weakening of collectivism Emergence of PRP Figure 1: Factors contributing to the emergence of PRP (Pilbeam Corbridge, 2002) 2. 2 Concept of PRP ACAS (1990) defined individual performance-related pay (PRP) as â€Å"a method of payment where an individual employee receives increases in pay based wholly or partly on the regular and systematic assessment of job performance†. Additionally, Murlis (1996) claimed a significant distinction between the use of PRP to managing performance straight from the motivational stimulation of financial rewards (motivation) and the use of PRP to identify different levels of performance (reward). Based on these points, PRP can be commented as a combination of three key factors: motivation, performance and rewards, which work in two ways that motivating people to achieve expected performance; and rewarding these people who have achieved successful performance. Based on these three factors and their relationships, Pilbeam and Corbridge (2002) identified three stages for PRP application: Firstly, setting individual performance criteria by imposition, discussion or agreement firstly; secondly, assessing performance against individual performance criteria which established in stage1; thirdly, allocating pay to the assessment of performance by the exercise of managerial prerogative. 2. 3 Relevant theories of PRP 3. 2 2. 3. 1 Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Herzberg’s motivational theory in PRP Maslow’s (1943, 1987) hierarchy of needs and the two factor theory of Herzberg (1959) indicated that pay can be considered as the most effective way to satisfy human’s need and further to motivate people to work more effectively, which means appropriate payment can stimulate employee to achieve successful performance that maximizing organisation’s benefits. Kessler and Purcell (1922) noted that employees will be easily motivated if there is a direct and close relationship between performance and reward. Therefore, PRP schemes could motivate the employees to increase their efforts to accomplish good performance. 2. 3. 2 Equity theory in PRP The Equity theory of Adams (1965) identified that employees have a strong need to be treated fairly which can be balanced by an equity between their input like work performance and output like rewarding. Compared to other types of pay like non-incentive pay which is based on collectively-negotiated rule, PRP associates employees’ productivity with their behaviour, rewarding employees for their successful performance, which is much more fair and reasonable. From these theories, we can see that PRP has brought a lot of potential benefits on improving HRM efficiency of organization. However, there are some shortages in PRP application in practice, which will be discussed in following two empirical case analyses. 3. Case study 3. Case one: â€Å"Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? † (Bender, 2004) The paper focused on the issue of rewards to the listed companies’ executive director. There are variable ways to pay the rewards. Thus the performance-related pay introduced to this paper. At the beginning of this paper prior research introduces three types of theory to explain why companies use performance-related pay: agency theory , motivation theories (expectancy, equity), and institutional and legitimacy theories. Research designing utilized 12 companies’ interviews with 35 persons who stand in different positions. These interviews lasted for two years from December 2001 to May 2003. The interviews reflected different opinions about the influence of PRP. Some of the answers demonstrated PRP could motivate people to do work well: Alan Wilson, chief executive of Skandia UK regarded pay as a motivator; a HR director thought if everyone was paid the same base salary, they would always do the same. But a part of the respondents denied that PRP made an effort in motivating people in the work. A CEO argued that whether PRP works depends on which market you were in and also on when the people were on flat salaries. Also another respondent held a neutral idea on motivation of PRP to managers. A CEO categorized his employees into two types: one type chased money and the other worked for vocational interests and he realized that PRP was in a position to exert influence on those who chased money and not on employees worked for vocational interests. At the end of this part the author reaches the conclusion that lack of money is a de-motivator. Furthermore, interviews demonstrated some different ideas: a) Payment represents personal value of employees. The more contribution you have made, the more you can earn; b) Focus and fairness: according to the answers from interviewees, we can find that the company adopts PRP with the intention to make executives focus on their work efforts and fairness can improve employees’ performance; c) The need to provide alignment: here is a large number of factors influence performance in long-term and some of those cannot be observed currently; d) Other reasons to introduce performance-related pay: the requirement of government to adopt PRP and because of everybody has it so you has to have it; e) Problems with performance-related pay: a consultant pointed out that PRP system would bring unpredictable problems especially in long-term and it is difficult to select appropriate measure and tar gets. Market Practices Need for Legitimacy Need to Attract and Retain Implement a performance-related reward scheme Set performance measures and targets and use it to communicate strategy Directors’ actions and behaviours Business performance Performance-related award Monetary award Increased human capital for future negotiations Effect on individual’s self worth Figure 2: Why Companies use performance-related pay (Bender, 2004) In the final part, the author summarizes this case study according to three theories mentioned at the beginning of our description and draws figure 1 to show why companies performance-related pay. . 2 Case two: â€Å"Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service† (Dowling Richardson, 1997) This paper includes 4 sections. Section 1 explains the NHS system which means the performance related pay system for general management in 1989. Section 2 concludes the evaluation criteria and explanatory framework. PRP is introduced on the initiative of management. According to Cannel an d Wood’s survey, PRP could be introduced to overcome problems with existing systems, o encourage employees’ motivation, to improve communication with work force, to reduce problems of recruitment. Kessler suggested that the PRP might also be used to improve the fairness of a payment system, to reduce union influence and the importance of collective bargaining, can also give additional influence to line managers. The purpose of PRP is said to reward those manage who achieve a more than competent standard of work and motivate managers to perform better. Section 3 values the efficiency of the scheme and four measures are utilized to check the outcome of the scheme. Managers had to be assessed by their supervisors and receive reward based on their performance if they had finished targets set at the beginning of the year. In NHS, the HR department designed the PRP system in order to motivate managers. However, through self-reported data from the managers covered by the PRP system, a majority of respondents saw the scheme as having little or no effect on their motivation to do their jobs well. Also the authors did not found solid evidence to show that there are corresponding negative consequences of PRP. The initial examination of the raw data clearly suggests that the three elements of the scheme achieved different degrees of success. The objective-setting elements seemed to be widely supported. It could be observed that the schemes rewards were either not appropriate or not sufficiently attractive to act as a motivator. PRP include the way in which performance standards are set and monitored. Section 4 explains the effects of PRP in the NHS. About 85% respondents showed satisfaction with the objective –setting process. Furthermore, they also agreed that the challenge offered by the objective measures increase their determination to achieve their goal set before. On the other hand, there was also much critical comment on reward system such as subjectivity and appraiser bias. In addition, the PRP reward system was always cash limited. 4. Analysis and Evaluation of PRP Theory in Business Organisations 2 3 4. 1 Comparison Both of the two cases are involved in the topic of PRP, and focus on the effectiveness of PRP scheme. In addition, both of the researches partly agree that PRP is successful in some areas or in some extend, however, PRP is still not a perfect scheme due to various reasons. As what has been pointed out to be the problems in PRP, among all of the reasons mentioned in the papers, the objective-setting process has been pointed out in both of the researches, which indicates that this might be one of the key points which should be considered to improve PRP scheme. What is more, both of the papers mention that PRP is introduced in order to attract and retain executives with the potential of large earnings(Bender, 2004) and to improve the fairness of a payment system, to generate employee commitment (Dowling and Richardson, 1997), which can be considered as the positive points of PRP. 4. 2 Contrast The methods used in the research in the two cases are different. The case about PRP in the National Health Service used both quantitative and qualitative date from a questionnaire survey (Dowling and Richardson, 1997). While, the case conducted by Bender (2004) used qualitative date from an interview survey. Moreover, the perspectives used in the two papers also vary. As to the reasons why PRP is not more successful, Dowling and Richardson (1997) consider that there are three kinds of employees as being particularly important: firstly, those who think that the objective-setting process of PRP is coped with terribly; secondly, those who think the assessments are handled badly; lastly, those who believe that the rewards are not attractive enough to encourage their motivation. They hold the opinion that PRP has a less important influence on these people, which indicates that the improvement of objective-setting process, assessments and rewards might lead to improving the effect of PRP. While, the paper conducted by Bender (2004) indicates that the reason that PRP is not so successful is also related to the market in which directors are. Besides, salary and rewards are not the only recourses that could motivate managers. For instance, leisure can also play a significant role in the performance of managers. Additionally, PRP scheme has less important impact on those people who mainly work for vocational interests. Meanwhile, this paper (Bender, 2004) pays more attention to the reasons that PRP is used by companies. The writer points out some more reasons from interviews with directors other than the strong points of PRP which have been mentioned above. To be exactly, pay can be deemed as a symbol of worth and how much one can earn is associated with the self esteem for the executives. In the end, we can see from the two papers that PRP has developed successfully from 1997 to 2004 because what are reflected in the papers shows us that PRP has been used much more and been recognized in a wider range. As a result, we can conclude that with the use of PRP, this scheme has become and also will become more and more mature and contribute a lot to business organizations. 4. 3 Performance related pay theory in business organizations This section conducts analysis of two empirical cases critically and assesses the value of PRP theory and benefits it achieves in business organizations. The whole objective of pay related systems like the PRP and other HRM theories is obviously to bring or add to the value of business organizations. When we take a look at the first paper, it is obvious that on the average PRP increases an organization’s value. The following are the perceived benefits of the PRP theory: 4 5. 1 5. 2 5. 3 5. 4. 1 Motivates employees and improve their performance The human needs hierarchy theory of Maslow (1943, 1987) and the two factors theory of Herzberg (1959) indicate that in modern society satisfying human needs like payment is in a position to motivate people to work harder. Furthermore, in business organisations payment related to performance can stimulate people to accomplish the performance that organizations want. Kessler and Purcell (1992) claimed that if direct relationship exists between effort, performance and reward, employees would be motivated. PRP schemes act exactly as this direct link motivating the employees to increase their efforts. 5. 4. 2 Facilitates change to organizational cultural Kessler and Purcell (1992) argued that PRP refers to flexibility, dynamism, entrepreneurial spirit and careful allocation of resources, leading to a performance-orientated culture. Therefore, the introduction of PRP facilitates change in business organizations culture from collectively negotiated formula to individual contribution, which assists in solving problems, increasing value of organizations, and reducing problems of recruitment and retention. 5. 4. Encourages the internalization of performance norms â€Å"PRP can encourage the internalization of the organisation’s goal or norms of behaviour among the employees of the organization† (Geary, 1992). In the implementation of PRP, the organisation’s norms of behaviour can be enhanced by rewarding congruous work effects and by punishing incongruous performance. Th ereby, it strengthens management control and clarifies job roles within organizations. 5. 4 Problems of PRP in practice Theoretically, PRP can produce many benefits for organizations, which have been demonstrated above. However, there are always gaps between theories and practice of PRP. In this part data from the NHS case will be utilized to illustrate some problems of PRP. Figure 3 above shows that only 2 percent respondents consider PRP as the motivator for them to work harder while respondents with opposite idea accounts for 45 percent. Also 67 percent respondents embrace neutral idea on the question of whether PRP scheme affect motivation to do the job and 77 percent respondents did not feel more co-operation after the introduction of PRP scheme. Question| Negative Positive| Does PRP have effect on your motivation to do the job well? 2| 3| 67| 25| 4| You consciously work harder because of the PRP scheme. | 45| 26| 17| 10| 2| You focus on PRP objectives rather than other activities. | 34| 34| 20| 10| 2| PRP changes co-operation level among colleagues| 2| 12| 77| 8| 1| Figure 3: PRP in the National Health Service (Dowling and Richardson, 1997) 5. 5. 4 Setting performance objectives It is essential for organizations to set up clear and measurable objectives so that the behaviour of employees can be guided by objectives. However, imposition and narrowness of PRP in objective-setting could lead to failure of the implementation. What’s more, short term approach stemming from narrow and misleading objectives could make employees ignore intangible aspects and long-term tasks. Therefore, the weakness of PRP in objective-setting could discourage behaviour that is not financially rewarded and prevent business organizations from functioning well. 5. 5. 5 Assessment and ratings Assessment and ratings are indispensable stage of PRP system. In practice, two crucial elements during these processes, scales of ratings and fair appraisals made by managers are difficult to achieved, which make employees not satisfied with ratings given to them. As Belfield and Marsden (2002) argued that the use of PRP will do more harm than good if the right monitoring environment is not in place. 5. 5. 6 Reward PRP regards reward as the motivator for employees to work hard, which is often not the case in practice. Maslow’s theory of the Hierarchy of Needs (1943) stated that payment is not the only need of human beings. Besides payment, people also have mental requirements such as belongingness needs, esteem needs and self-actualization. 5. Conclusion After critical analysis and assessment we can finally reach the conclusion that in theory PRP is in a position to provide business organizations certain benefits such as motivating employees, improving their performance, attracting executives, facilitating change in organizational culture and encouraging the internalization of performance norms. However, due to imposition and narrowness in objective-setting, unfairness and inaccuracy in assessment and ratings, and diversification of human needs, theoretical benefits of PRP cannot be reached. Therefore, more attention should be paid on the gap between HRM theories and their application in practice so that HRM theories can assist business organizations in increasing their values. Reference ACAS, 1990. Appraisal-related Pay. London: ACAS. Adams, J. S. , 1965. Inequity in social exchange. In: Berkowitz, L. ed. , Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press, 267-299. Armstrong, M. , 2002. Employee reward. 3rd ed. London: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. Armstrong, M. ; Murlis, H. , 1994. Reward Management, London: Kogan Page. Belfield, R. ; Marsden, D. , 2002. Matchmaking: the influence of monitoring environments on the effectiveness of performance pay systems. Centre for Economic Performance, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK. Bender, R. , 2004. Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? Corporate Government, 12(4), pp. 521-533. Dowling, B. ; Richardson, R. , 1997. Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service. The Intematioruil Joumal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), pp. 348-366. Herzberg, F. , 1959. The Motivation to work, New York: John Wiley. Geary, J. F. , 1992. Pay, control and commitment: linking appraisal and reward. Human Resource Management Journal, 2(4), pp. 36-54. Kessler, I. ; Purcell, J. , 1992. Performance-related pay: objectives and application. Human resource management Journal, 2(3), pp. 16-23 Lewis, P. , 1998. Management performance-related pay based on evidence from the financial services sector. Human Resource Management Journal, 8(2), pp. 66-77 Maslow, A. H. , 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50, pp. 370-396. Maslow, A. H. , 1987. Motivation and Personality. New York: Harper ; Row. Murlis, H. , 1996. Pay at the Crossroads. London: Institute of Personnel Development. Pilbeam, S. ; Corbridge, M. , 2002. People Resourcing: HRM in Practice. 2nd ed. Harlow: FT Prentice Hall. Appendices Tow papers: Bender, R. , 2004. Why Do Companies Use Performance-Related Pay for Their Executive Directors? Corporate Government, 12(4), pp. 521-533. Dowling, B. ; Richardson, R. , 1997. Evaluating performance-related pay for managers in the National Health Service. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 8(3), pp. 348-366.

How to Find the Inner and Outer Fences

How to Find the Inner and Outer Fences One feature of a data set that is important to determine is if it contains any outliers. Outliers are intuitively thought of as values in our set of data that differ greatly from a majority of the rest of the data. Of course, this understanding of outliers is ambiguous. To be considered as an outlier, how much should the value deviate from the rest of the data? Is what one researcher calls an outlier going to match with another’s? In order to provide some consistency and a quantitative measure for the determination of outliers, we use inner and outer fences. To find the inner and outer fences of a set of data, we first need a few other descriptive statistics. We will begin by calculating quartiles. This will lead to the interquartile range. Finally, with these calculations behind us, we will be able to determine the inner and outer fences. Quartiles The first and third quartiles are part of the five number summary of any set of quantitative data. We begin by finding the median or the midway point of the data after all of the values are listed in ascending order. The values less than the median corresponding to roughly half of the data. We find the median of this half of the data set, and this is the first quartile. In a similar way, we now consider the upper half of the data set. If we find the median for this half of the data, then we have the third quartiles. These quartiles get their name from the fact that they split the data set into four equal sized portions, or quarters. So in other words, roughly 25% of all of the data values are less than the first quartile. In a similar way, approximately 75% of the data values are less than the third quartile. Interquartile Range We next need to find the interquartile range (IQR). This is easier to calculate than the first quartile q1 and the third quartile q3. All that we need to do is to take the difference of these two quartiles. This gives us the formula: IQR Q3 - Q1 The IQR tells us how spread out the middle half of our data set is. Find the Inner Fences We can now find the inner fences. We start with the IQR and multiply this number by 1.5. We then subtract this number from the first quartile. We also add this number to the third quartile. These two numbers form our inner fence. Find the Outer Fences For the outer fences, we start with the IQR and multiply this number by 3. We then subtract this number from the first quartile and add it to the third quartile. These two numbers are our outer fences. Detecting Outliers The detection of outliers now becomes as easy as determining where the data values lie in reference to our inner and outer fences. If a single data value is more extreme than either of our outer fences, then this is an outlier and is sometimes referred to as a strong outlier. If our data value is between a corresponding inner and outer fence, then this value is a suspected outlier or a mild outlier. We will see how this works with the example below. Example Suppose that we have calculated the first and third quartile of our data, and have found these values to the 50 and 60, respectively. The interquartile range IQR 60 – 50 10. Next, we see that 1.5 x IQR 15. This means that the inner fences are at 50 – 15 35 and 60 15 75. This is 1.5 x IQR less than the first quartile, and more than the third quartile. We now calculate 3 x IQR and see that this is 3 x 10 30. The outer fences are 3 x IQR more extreme that the first and third quartiles. This means that the outer fences are 50 - 30 20 and 60 30 90. Any data values that are less than 20 or greater than 90, are considered outliers. Any data values that are between 29 and 35 or between 75 and 90 are suspected outliers.

Me going throgh the interior castle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Me going throgh the interior castle - Essay Example That has helped me understand life in a better manner, and removed my ignorance. Kneeling, I begin to pray and I see her disappear like a wisp of smoke, dissolving in to air. An inner vision gives me a sense that I am praying before a large â€Å"castle formed of a single diamond or a very transparent crystal, and containing many rooms, just as in heaven there are many mansions.† (P.38-39) An understanding dawns on me that my soul is pure dignified, it is where my god would choose to dwell; it is the place where I can find him. To be one with my god I have to eschew the elements of bad in me, and focus on the good in the world, which only the soul could make me recognize. My body only compare to the coarse exterior of a beauty that lies within me. I beseech my lord to give me entry in to the interior of this magnificent castle. I can see a few people hanging out in the courtyards, some thronging around tables filled with food while others encircle what looked like a roulette fable, but the food, despite its inviting aroma, and the jingle of the gold coins that clatter on the roulette table, fail to evoke any sense of interest in me. Sentinels who stand guard also seem to ignore them. I keep praying and the vision of a gate emerges. Crowding on either side are silhouettes of men and women who appear through a misty shroud like pale apparitions. But all of them seem to be unsure whether to enter the gate or not. They look at me, as if sizing me up; questioning the propriety of by being there. I hesitate for a moment, a feeling of confusion foreboding me. Wailing sounds ring inside my ear and my mind conjures up the images of grotesque figures lamenting about their miseries. â€Å"The soulless spirits of sinners†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I whisper. My steps begin to waver as I approached the threshold and I hold my palms together, fingers of each hand pressing hard against the back of the other. The image

Exempllification essay with outline mla format The topic of the paper

Exempllification with outline mla format The topic of the paper the importance of excercise - Essay Example Health practitioners hold that regular physical activity enhances the quality of life for an individual through promoting good health. Exercises lower risks of certain diseases that are actually regarded as high killers. For example, many people across the globe have succumbed to obesity. Obesity is a serious issue that experts say can be addressed through regular exercise and good diet management. Another fatal disease in the same line is heart disease. This disease is linked to obesity and physical inactivity. Cancer, diabetes, and high blood pressure among others constitute other examples that feature in the exercise debate as far as health is concerned (Libal 51). Over and above lowering disease and health complication risks, regular exercise impacts positively on the general life that an individual leads. From appearance to reduced aging rate, persons who engage in physical activity realize enormous benefits of exercising relative to their health status. Moreover, benefits of exercising go beyond the health factor to encompass the wholesome aspect of an individual’s life. While the physical appearance of the person who exercises is at the center stage of exercising, stamina is built from the inside. All that matters in this respect is the amount of energy that the body uses to undertake a given activity. With regular exercises, the body learns to be efficient in terms of energy consumption. For example, walking, lifting weights, or bicycling consumes energy, leading to exhaustion as the energy in the body reduces. Regular engagement in these activities trains the body to use the same level of energy for intensified physical activity. As a result, the individual’s exhaustion point keeps improving, thereby depicting improved body stamina. The importance of exercise extends to weight control. Here, the example given in regard to obesity and weight-related health complications is revisited. The art of weight

World history flvs honors assignment Essay Example for Free

World history flvs honors assignment Essay Brazil is a country in South America that is beginning to flourish and demand attention from the rest of the world. Brazil has had a troubled past gaining independence and problems with poverty but in the last few decades has gotten onto its feet and is, in my opinion, beginning their golden age. Artistic and/or intellectual achievements: The core culture of Brazil is a mixture from Portuguese culture, because of the colonies formed by the Portuguese empire; and other influences like Roman Catholicism and the strong influence by African and cultures and traditions. The music of Brazil was formed mainly from the fusion of European and African culture. But not only do Brazilians love their music, dancing and art, they are proud of their Brazilian national football team that is ranked among the best in the world and has won the world cup 5 times. medical, technological and/or scientific contributions: Technological research in Brazil are conducted in universities and institutes. The funding for most of this research comes from the Brazilian government agencies. economics: Brazil is the largest national economy in Latin America and has growing market exchange rates and purchasing power parity. The Brazilian economy has been predicted to become one of the five largest in the world in the decades to come. Brazil has an employment rate of over a hundred million and the unemployment rate is as small as 6.2% of the population. politics: The main four political parties that stand out in Brazil are the Workers Party, Brazilian Social Democracy Party, Brazilian Democratic Movement Party, and Democrats. Dilma Rousseff is the current Brazilian president. social developments and/or humanitarian efforts: A pole done in 2011said that the literacy rate of the population was 90.4%, meaning 9.6% of people are still illiterate in the country. Every year this can go up if children aren’t reached. As well as a growing education, the cultural diversity is much like a large thriving country. About 92 million described themselves as White, about 83 million claim themselves multiracial, about 13 million are Black from African decent. Many others identify with Asian decent or relation to A merindians.

Aquinas? Fifth Way Of Proving Essay -- essays research papers

Aquinas Fifth Way of proving the existence of God Question:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly summarize Aquinas’ Fifth Way of proving the existence of God. What counter-argument does Hume cite in answer to this argument from Design? What is John Hick’s answer to Hume’s argument from Evil? Is he right? Thomas Aquinas theorized five different logical arguments to prove the existence of God utilizing scientific hypotheses and basic assumptions of nature. In the fifth of his famous â€Å"Five Ways†, Aquinas sets forth the assumption that all natural bodies move toward an end. Since bodies are constantly moving in the best way possible to achieve that end, the path must be designed. God, of course, is the ultimate designer of the universe. The natural hypothesis that follows is that God created the universe, including the human race, for a purpose or to achieve an end, and thus the universe and all life moves toward that end constantly and in the best manner possible. Later philosophers who studied Aquinas’ fifth way realized that this theorem is plagued with a problem, the problem of evil. In David Hume’s Design, through the art of conversation and Socratic debate, the two main characters in his essay set forth and decipher the problems of evil and how it may disprove Aquinas’ fifth way among countless other theories of creation by a omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent God. Hume explains that if God created the universe to achieve an end, and if the path toward that end is the best manner to that end, then how does one explain the existence of evils in the universe such as natural disasters, pain, disappointment, anger, sickness and despair. Hume uses the two characters in his essay to display the human point of view regarding the problem of evil, so that he can theorize using actual human experience, feelings, and sensations rather than logical assumptions and scientific hypotheses regarding a universe outside and beyond our own human existence. The essay suggests that the human experience is usually, for the most part, an unhappy one. Hume believes that all humans experience pain, sickness, anguish, nervousness, fear, sadness, embarrassment in some point during their lives. The â€Å"good† feelings humans experience in life, such as joy, love, excitement and pleasure are often few and far between and always less enduring than the â€Å"evil† feelings. For example, I... ... the existence of God and the problem of evil, my mind keeps wandering to one example of human life, Christopher Reeves. He is a man who was blessed with looks, career success as an actor and celebrity, and a happy marriage. One day he becomes paralyzed from the neck down losing everything even the capacity to breath. If God sees this and can change his condition, why doesn’t He? Has is made Reeves a better man or enriched his soul as Hicks would say? Surely Reeves’ life is filled with unhappiness and suffering. Does one have to be aware that they are in the process of soulmaking? And is soulmaking supposed to be good for the individual, for the world at large or just for God? If I could answer these questions, there would be no need for the study of philosophy, as they have no correct answer. I do believe in God, but I do not know why except for a feeling inside which may be inborn or the result of my environment. David Hume’s philosophies are based upon trusting one’s feelings as is evidenced by his reliance on poets instead of scientists. I think I will also go with my feelings on this issue. God does exist but humans may never have the capacity to understand the Hows and Whys. Aquinas? Fifth Way Of Proving Essay -- essays research papers Aquinas Fifth Way of proving the existence of God Question:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly summarize Aquinas’ Fifth Way of proving the existence of God. What counter-argument does Hume cite in answer to this argument from Design? What is John Hick’s answer to Hume’s argument from Evil? Is he right? Thomas Aquinas theorized five different logical arguments to prove the existence of God utilizing scientific hypotheses and basic assumptions of nature. In the fifth of his famous â€Å"Five Ways†, Aquinas sets forth the assumption that all natural bodies move toward an end. Since bodies are constantly moving in the best way possible to achieve that end, the path must be designed. God, of course, is the ultimate designer of the universe. The natural hypothesis that follows is that God created the universe, including the human race, for a purpose or to achieve an end, and thus the universe and all life moves toward that end constantly and in the best manner possible. Later philosophers who studied Aquinas’ fifth way realized that this theorem is plagued with a problem, the problem of evil. In David Hume’s Design, through the art of conversation and Socratic debate, the two main characters in his essay set forth and decipher the problems of evil and how it may disprove Aquinas’ fifth way among countless other theories of creation by a omnipotent, omniscient and benevolent God. Hume explains that if God created the universe to achieve an end, and if the path toward that end is the best manner to that end, then how does one explain the existence of evils in the universe such as natural disasters, pain, disappointment, anger, sickness and despair. Hume uses the two characters in his essay to display the human point of view regarding the problem of evil, so that he can theorize using actual human experience, feelings, and sensations rather than logical assumptions and scientific hypotheses regarding a universe outside and beyond our own human existence. The essay suggests that the human experience is usually, for the most part, an unhappy one. Hume believes that all humans experience pain, sickness, anguish, nervousness, fear, sadness, embarrassment in some point during their lives. The â€Å"good† feelings humans experience in life, such as joy, love, excitement and pleasure are often few and far between and always less enduring than the â€Å"evil† feelings. For example, I... ... the existence of God and the problem of evil, my mind keeps wandering to one example of human life, Christopher Reeves. He is a man who was blessed with looks, career success as an actor and celebrity, and a happy marriage. One day he becomes paralyzed from the neck down losing everything even the capacity to breath. If God sees this and can change his condition, why doesn’t He? Has is made Reeves a better man or enriched his soul as Hicks would say? Surely Reeves’ life is filled with unhappiness and suffering. Does one have to be aware that they are in the process of soulmaking? And is soulmaking supposed to be good for the individual, for the world at large or just for God? If I could answer these questions, there would be no need for the study of philosophy, as they have no correct answer. I do believe in God, but I do not know why except for a feeling inside which may be inborn or the result of my environment. David Hume’s philosophies are based upon trusting one’s feelings as is evidenced by his reliance on poets instead of scientists. I think I will also go with my feelings on this issue. God does exist but humans may never have the capacity to understand the Hows and Whys.

Era of Good Feelings Essay

The Era of Good Feelings was the title of the period after the war of 1812 between the years of 1815 and 1825. The accuracy of this label however, is not accurate. During this era the United States of America were in a period of economic problems, political turbulence, and a mixture of rapid expansion and division. It is hard to believe that this time period was one of Good Feelings with an economy that kept many people very poor while only a few were able to profit much. In document A, John Randolph addresses congress in 1816. He states that it is unjust, to aggravate the burdens of the people for the purpose of favoring the manufacturers. He is referring to the inequality between the manufacturers or factory owners and the agriculturalists or farmers. Many taxes during this era were placed on the agricultural industry. This taxation left many farmers in the middle and southern colonies struggling. The level of poorness rose for them while in the urban areas factories and corporations that ran them were running in the ring of pleasure and could fatten upon them. In Document B, John Calhoun says, the extent of the republic exposes us to the greatest of calamities disunitywe are rapidly growing this is our weakness and our strengthlet us, then, bind the republic together with a perfect system of roads This suggests the size and distance of our growing nation was going to be another source of disunity. Because of the distance and lack of roads and other means of transportation, communication and trade between regions lessened and they became more distant. Trade was such an important factor in the economy and binding the nation. The reason that this disunity and sectionalism is such a calamity is that the last thing that the United States wanted or could stand to see was rebellion and a break in the Union. Because the agriculturalist label encompassed such a large part of the American population, the inaccuracy of the title of this Era becomes evident. Politics, being a very important topic in this time period, was caught in turmoil and became divided. In 1819, the Supreme Court heard the case between McCulloch and the state of Maryland over the right to create a bank. In Document D, John Marshall rules that states have true sovereignty and that the general government is subordinate to that of the states. This  division creates disunity and breeds sectionalism among states and regions. The disunity created threatened the nation later on and could be blamed for inciting rebellion. In Document G, Anna Hayes Johnson writes to her cousin in North Carolina about the convictions and executions of a number of leaders in her area. In all probability the execution will not end under 100, but I was told yesterday that the prisoners had been heard to say that even should there be 500 executed there would be still enough to carry the work into execution. It does not specify for what they are convicted exactly but I would not consider civil u nrest where hundreds of people are being executed to be a defining feature of an Era of Good Feeling. Earlier the division and expansion within the nation was mentioned; it is a very important factor in this time period. It influences the accuracy of being able to title this era as one of Good Feelings. In Document 1, it is clear that during the years of 1815-1825, the pattern of presidential election outcomes went from an effectively unanimous turnout for James Monroe to a fairly divided one in 1824. In 1824 the New England states were won by John Q. Adams and Andrew Jackson won many of middle and southern states. We can infer from this that sectionalism was forming in different regions of the country, especially between the north and south. In the expansion of the United States westward many people were encouraged or thought to move into these areas for more land, mainly to farm. From Document E, it is clear that the majority of the population was located in the northwest in and around the major cities. This is another division that promoted sectionalism. This expansion would have only strengthened the economy but the disconnection between the city-dwellers in the north and the farmers and plantation owners of the south created further disunity. The Era of Good Feelings was a period of great stress on United States. The economy began separating into distinct groups, one which under congressional tax sanctions grew richer, and the other poorer. Parties and regions began to identify themselves separately and a schism was formed in the union. The dangerous, rapid expansion of the United States also fueled the sectionalist separation which foreshadowed an even larger calamity of rebellion and war. Overall, the time period between 1815 and 1825 could not have been justly or  accurately named The Era of Good Feelings.

How Social Influences Have On Participants - 1572 Words

Materials and Methods This study will focus on the impact social influences have on participants when asked to listen to songs played backwards containing subliminal messages and whether being told that a particular song contains secret messages will impact their responses. This study will take into consideration past studies conducted by researchers Thorne (1984) and Vokey (1985) whom support that the role of suggestion can influence peoples perceptions of secret messages in rock and roll recordings. We the experimenters will be expanding on the music genres, but try to contain a minimum of one rock and roll song. Taking this into our focus will be observing how social influence will impact participant’s capability to write down more†¦show more content†¦Social media post will be made on UC related websites such as UC Merced Classified stating the researchers reasoning for experiment and asking whether there are any people who would like to volunteer. Participants re cruited by each researcher individually will all be recruited within the UC Merced campus or Modesto. Individually due to my living accommodations being an on campus student all of my recruits will be recruited within the UC Merced campus. The selection of methods we will us to get our sample will be random selection and random sampling. Random sample will be used because anyone who volunteers can participate in the study and random selection because any participant has equal chance of falling within the control or experimental group. A total of 50 participants with good hearing will be recruited randomly. Each researcher will contribute a total of 13 participants. Both females and males within the approximated age range 18-31 will be recruited. There will also be no one younger than 17 years old allowed to participate because it violates SONA rules. We will exclude people who have or have had past hearing issues. They will be excluded because they’re past hearing issues can influence their ability to catch phrases containing secret messages. Participants who may become sensitive to the topic or background of study may